GALENA

Galena is a primary mineral, and is the most common mineral which contains lead. Specimens are typically found in sedimentary limestone deposits and along hydrothermal veins. It is regularly discovered in association with the mineral’s sphalerite, fluorite, calcite, and quartz. Galena is often well crystallized, with regularly appearing formations of cubic and octahedral shapes, or combinations of the two. Also sometimes called lead glance, it is the natural mineral form of lead (II) sulfide, or PbS. For its industrial use, it is the most important ore of lead on the planet. Additionally, argentiferous galena has long been an important ore of silver, with certain localities producing material containing up to 0.5% silver within its byproduct. Though seemingly minute in its ratio, the value in its silver revenue far surpasses the density of its uses as a lead ore.

GALENA HISTORY AND USES

Galena has been mined for its lead and silver concentrations for nearly two thousand years. The Spanish mines of Linares, Andalusia, have existed for nearly 1,500 years, predating Roman society by roughly 150 years, and lasting in operation until the end of the 20th century, when the final mine closed in 1991. Additionally, one of the oldest uses of galena was as an Egyptian product called kohl, which was an eye cosmetic that is now regarded as toxic due to the risk of lead poisoning. In Ancient Egypt, kohl was applied around the eyes to reduce the glare of the desert sun and also repel flies, which were considered a potential source of disease. Across the Atlantic Ocean, in pre-Columbian North America, galena was widely used by indigenous peoples as an ingredient in decorative paints and cosmetics. It was regularly traded throughout the eastern United States, and traces of galena are often found at the Mississippian city at Kincaid Mounds, which is located in the present-day state of Illinois. The galena used at this site originated from deposits in Missouri and the Upper Mississippi Valley, attributing to the rich history of Native American trade routes and commerce. Later, during the 20th century, galena was commonly used as a semiconductor, where because of its conductive capabilities it was often used in early wireless communication systems. It was first applied as the crystal within crystal radio receivers, in which it was used as a point-contact diode that was capable of stabilizing alternating current, allowing for the detection of alternating radio signals. To do so, the crystal of galena was used with a sharp wire, often known as a "cat's whisker", in contact with the receiver. As of 2024, Australia is the world's leading producer of lead, most of which is extracted as galena. However, global demand for argentiferous galena tends to revolve around the importance of its other constituent minerals, such as silver.

The largest documented single crystal of galena is a stunning cuboctahedron from the Great Laxey Mine, Isle of Man, in the United Kingdom. It measures 10in x 10in x 10in and weighs over 30lbs. For reference, a cuboctahedron is a polyhedron with 8 triangular faces and 6 square faces.

GALENA METAPHYSICS

Metaphysically, galena is said to aid the mind and activate the Third Eye and Root Chakras. A stone of passion driven ideas from the etheric minds eye, it can help to facilitate progress through problem solving, while limiting mental assumptions of lack and limitation. With galena, foundation and strength are stepping stones towards ambition and dream recognition, allowing its user to fully commit to their purpose driven life. Physically, galena is a poison to the body! It’s lead content can be considered dangerous, especially with prolonged exposure and inhalation. However, when handled in moderation and given proper care, galena is said to aid the body with inflammation and joint pain, as well as help to facilitate proper absorption and assimilation of zinc.

*Due to galena containing lead, it is considered toxic to the human body. It is recommended to wash your hands after handling and avoid inhaling any dust when fracturing.